Integumentary system

---

The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. Its main functions are:

• Protection: The skin protects the internal organs and tissues from external environmental factors such as chemicals, pathogens, and mechanical damage. The skin acts as a barrier to protect against water loss and prevent dehydration.
• Regulation of body temperature: The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweating and vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Sweating cools the body by evaporation of moisture from the skin surface. Vasodilation increases blood flow to the skin allowing more heat to dissipate, while vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to minimize heat loss.
• Sensation: The skin contains numerous nerve endings that detect touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain. This helps in sensing the external environment.
• Excretion: Sweat excreted from sweat glands helps remove waste products such as urea, lactate, and salts from the body.
• Production of Vitamin D: When the skin is exposed to UV radiation in sunlight, it produces vitamin D which is essential for bone health and calcium absorption.
• Storage of blood: The skin aids in storing blood and regulating blood volume and pressure. When blood volume decreases, the skin blood vessels constrict to hold more blood in the vital organs.
• Immunity: The skin provides a first line of defense against foreign pathogens and chemicals. The skin secretions have lysozyme, defensins, and other antimicrobial agents to protect against infections.
• Synthesis of melanin: Melanocytes in the skin produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color and also helps protect against UV radiation damage.
• Sensation of touch: Nerve endings in the skin detect sensations of touch, pressure, texture, heat, cold, tickle, itch, etc. This helps us to sense and interact with the environment.

---

---

Transcript:-
The ment refers to the utmost protective covering of the body, the skin, the protective derivatives of skin mainly include the hair, nails, and glands. The ary system also includes the eyelashes and the external ear canal. The skin or the integrant is composed principally of epithelial and connective tissues, forming a tough, pliable covering of the body.

It consists of different layer. An outer epidermis derived from ectoderm and an endodermis derived from a mesoderm, which rests on a subcutaneous layer. The Hypodermis Ulous Aosis, the epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. The superficial portion is called stratum. Cornium made of the cornified cells, which shed constant.

The deeper portion is known as Stratum germanum, or Malian layer where new cells formed after mitosis replace the cells she from the surface. The dermis constitutes the greater part of the total thickness and is divided into a superficial pilary layer and a deeper reticular layer. The dermis contains small amounts of.

Numerous blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. The hypodermis contains the fat cells or adipose tissues that insulate the body and help in conserving heat and blood vessels. The primary function of the skin is protection. It protects the deeper tissues from.

Ultraviolet Ray drying and provides an excellent barrier against the penetration of microbes such as bacteria and fungi. The skin serves as the organ for the perception of touch, pain, temperature, pressure, et cetera. Since it is rich in cutaneous sensory nerves, the skin also serves to maintain constant body temperature as the rate of heat loss from the body varies with changes in the size of blood vessels and the evaporation of.

Additionally, the skin is an excellent excretory organ, confining itself mainly to the elimination of water, together with some inorganic salts, as the skin is permeable to a limited extent to water and only a few chemical agents. The skin color is due to a pigment called melanin found in the malian layer of the epidermis.

Dark colored skin has more melanin than pale. Hair is composed of keratinized cells. Compactly cemented together and is distributed over almost the entire body. Each hair has two parts. The root, which penetrates deep into the dermis and is surrounded by the hair follicle and the shaft projecting out of the skin.

The terminal ends of the hair follicle are enlarged into an onion shaped region called the bulb, which is filled with loose connective tissue tissue called the dermal pa. The Pilla is highly vascular and provides nourishment for the growth of the hair. The sebaceous glands project laterally from the hair follicle into the surrounding dermis, which secrete an oily substance called the sebum that lubricates the hair.

The erecta pyle muscles arising from the side of the hair follicle, holds the hair shaft. Erect hair mainly serves a protective function. The scalp hair forms a caution around the head, protecting it from mechanical injury, as well as heat rays of the sun. The eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust.

The hair in the nostrils and external ear canal protect these structures from being penetrated by foreign bodies and dust particles. The hair with its large surface area functions in the disposal of water from the surface by evaporation of sweat, hair, also serves a tactile function. The distribution pattern of the hair also serves a sexual recognition function.

The digital quantifications, such as nails are modifications of straight and cornium at the tips of digits, fingers, and toes, and grow parallel to the skin. These are hard and horny structures made up of a tough protein called keratin. It consists of the nail bed, nail plate, nail matrix, Appium. Nail folds and lunula.

The nail has a broad and flat dorsal plate called GUIs. While the sub GUIs is softer and much reduced, the nail bed is the tissue present beneath the nail and extends beneath the nail root To form the nail matrix, the nail plate protects the soft tissue of the nail. The Nicum is a protective covering that attaches to the nail plate and moves with it as the plate grows.

While the nail folds protect the nail matrix from infection by folding at the edge of the nails, the tips of the digit form a greatly sensitive and highly vascular pad over which the epidermis vaccinates to form a nail groove containing the nail. The nails are dawning. The terminal phs of the fingers and toes mainly serve a protective function and help to grip things.

In addition, these also serve as defensive structures. There are three glands that form a part of the inte system. The sweat sebaceous and luminous glands. The sweat glands are further divided into Akron or Marrin glands and arine gland. The ING glands are mainly located in the armpits, palms of the hand, cells of the feet, and forehead.

They produce perspiration that helps to cool the body by evaporating excess heat. The Arin glands are found in the armpits and groin areas. They produce a thick fluid in response to stress and sexual arousal that is acted upon by bacteria to produce the body. O. The sebaceous glands are found attached to the hair follicle ande, an oily substance called sebum that has anti-bacterial properties.

It also lubricates the hair. The cous glands are found in the subcutaneous tissue below the dermis. In the ear canal, they secrete the cmin or ear wax that acts as a waterproof covering for the eardrum, which prevents it from drying and keeps the eardrum. These videos of breathtaking animations describing the components of the Integr system comprising the skin, hair, nails, and their associated glands are elucidated to make the understanding of these basic structures quite simple in an otherwise complex organization of the human body.